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Overview
Quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO2) grains make up the majority of sand and gravel deposits seen on beaches or in rivers and streams.
These quartz grains are formed by the weathering of rocks such as granite. The softer, weaker minerals in granite (such as feldspar) are weathered away during the weathering process.
The more durable quartz is ground down in size over time but does not break down chemically. These quartz grains build over time in rivers, streams, deltas, and on beaches.
Sand and gravel deposits found on beaches or in rivers and streams, are mostly quartz (silicon dioxide, SiO2) grains.
Weathering of rocks such as granite forms these quartz grains. In the process of weathering, the softer, weaker minerals in granite (such as feldspar) are weathered away.
The more resistant quartz eventually is ground down in size, but does not break down chemically. In time, these quartz grains accumulate in rivers, streams, deltas and on beaches.
How They Are Mined
Industrial sand mining methods vary depending on the type of deposit. Front-end loaders, scrapers, and bulldozers are used to mine unconsolidated deposits. Material is excavated, dug, and pushed to a central location.
The ore-grade material is then put into a truck using normal earth-moving equipment and sent to a stockpile or processing plant.
A suction pipe excavates the sand, which is then fed through a pipeline to surge piles or straight to a processing plant using a hydraulic dredge.
The channel or tailings deposit is excavated and stacked. The ore-grade material is loaded into haul trucks and sent to a processing plant.
Uses Of Sand And Stones
Sand and gravel are used in road construction, asphalt mixing, construction fill, and the manufacture of building materials such as concrete blocks, bricks, and pipes.
It is also utilized in the production of roofing shingles, the usage of icy roads in the winter, railroad ballast, and water filtration.
Industrial sand and gravel are used in the production of glass, as foundry sand, and as abrasive sand.
Sand’s silica content (quartz) is what makes it so desirable in various applications. Silica is required to manufacture items such as glass.
Furthermore, sand’s physical features, particularly its abrasive nature, make it valuable for traction on snowy roadways and railroads, as well as for sandblasting.
Sand And Stone Prices
| Load of 19mm Stones (6m3) | R2,720 |
| Load of 19mm Stones (10m3) | R4,200 |
| Load of 13mm Stones (6m3) | R5,400 |
| Load of River Sand (6m3) | R2,945 |
| Load of Building Sand (6m3) | R2,480 |
| Load of River Sand (10m3) | R3,870 |
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