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Overview
Plywood is made up of thin layers of wood veneer called “plies” that are bonded together with adjacent layers’ wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees from one another.
It’s a manufactured board that includes medium-density fibreboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB), and particle board, among others (chipboard).
To create a composite material, all plywoods bond resin and wood fibre sheets (cellulose cells are long, robust, and thin).
Cross-graining is a method of alternating the grain that has numerous advantages: it minimizes the tendency of wood to break when nailed at the edges; it reduces expansion and shrinkage, improving dimensional stability; and it makes the panel’s strength consistent in all directions.
The sheet is frequently balanced by having an odd number of plies, which reduces warping. Plywood has a high rigidity perpendicular to the grain direction of the surface ply because it is bonded with grains running against one another and an odd number of composite pieces.
The plies (layers) of smaller, thinner, and lower-quality plywoods may only be stacked at right angles to each other. By design, certain higher-quality plywood products will feature five plies in 45-degree steps (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees), providing strength in various axes.
Types Of Plywood In South Africa
Different varieties of plywood exist for different applications:
Softwood
Softwood plywood is primarily manufactured of cedar, Douglas fir, spruce, pine, and fir (together known as spruce-pine-fir or SPF) or redwood and is used in building and industry.
The most frequent size is 1.2 by 2.4 metres (3 ft 11 in x 7 ft 10 in) or the slightly bigger imperial size of 4 ft 8 ft. The thickness of the plies ranges from 1.4 mm to 4.3 mm. The number of plies—which is usually odd—is determined by the sheet’s thickness and grade. The thinner 16-millimetre (5.88 in) plywood can be used for roofing. Subfloors are at least 19 mm (34 in) thick, with the thickness varying according to the distance between floor joists. When tongue and groove (T&G) plywood is used for flooring, it prevents one board from moving up or down relative to its neighbor, resulting in a solid-feeling floor when the joints do not lie over joists. T&G plywood is typically found in the 13-to-25-millimetre (12 to 25-millimetre) range.
Hardwood
Hardwood plywood is created from dicot trees (oak, beech, and mahogany) and is utilized for high-strength applications. Hardwood plywood is known for its high strength, stiffness, durability, and creep resistance. It offers strong impact resistance and planar shear strength, making it ideal for heavy-duty floor and wall systems. The wheel-carrying capability of oriented plywood construction is high. Hardwood plywood offers a high degree of surface hardness, as well as resistance to damage and wear.
Tropical
Tropical plywood is created from a variety of tropical hardwood species. Originally from Asia, it is currently produced in African and South American countries as well. Tropical plywood outperforms softwood plywood in terms of density, strength, layer evenness, and overall quality. If it is made to high standards, it is frequently sold at a premium in many markets. In the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Taiwan, Korea, Dubai, and other nations across the world, tropical plywood is frequently utilized. Because of its inexpensive cost, it is employed for building in many areas. Many countries’ forests, notably the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, have been over-harvested, owing to the need for plywood manufacture and export.
Aircraft
High-strength plywood, often known as airplane plywood, is constructed with heat and humidity-resistant adhesives and is made from mahogany, spruce, and/or birch. During World War II, it was utilized to build air attack gliders as well as various fighter aircraft, the most famous of which was the multi-role British Mosquito. Plywood, dubbed “The Wooden Wonder,” was utilized for the wing surfaces as well as flat elements like bulkheads and wing spar webs. The monocoque fuselage’s bonded ply-balsa-ply’sandwich’ provided extraordinary rigidity; elliptical in cross-section, it was manufactured in two distinct mirror-image halves utilizing curved moulds.
Decorative (overlaid)
Hardwoods such as ash, oak, red oak, birch, maple, mahogany, shorea (also known as lauan, meranti, or Philippine mahogany, though it has no relation to true mahogany), rosewood, teak, and a variety of other hardwoods are commonly encountered.
Flexible
Flexible plywood was created for the purpose of creating curved pieces, a process that dates back to the 1850s in the furniture industry. Mahogany three-ply “wiggle board” or “bendy board” sheets are 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) thick and come in 4 by 8 foot (1.2 m 2.4 m) sheets with a very thin cross-grain centre ply and two thicker external plies, either long grain or cross grain. Once shaped into the proper curvature, wiggle board is frequently bonded together in two layers to make the final shape strong and resistant to movement. Decorative wood veneers are frequently used as a surface layer.
Marine
Marine plywood is made from tough face and core veneers with minimal flaws, so it lasts longer in humid and wet environments and resists delamination and fungus. Its design allows it to be used in environments where it will be exposed to moisture for extended periods of time. Each veneer will be made from tropical hardwoods and will have a small core gap, reducing the likelihood of water trapping in the plywood and ensuring a robust and secure glue connection. Like other exterior plywoods, it’s glued with an exterior Weather and Boil Proof (WBP) glue.
Plywood Sheets Prices In South Africa
Below are the prices of plywood sheets in South Africa.
| Plywood Shopgrade/Downgrade 18.0mm 2440×1220 | R578.99 |
| Plywood Interior Pine U/F Bc Grade 4.0mm 2440×1220 | R299.99 |
| Plywood Exterior Commercial 6.0mm 2440×1220 | R558.99 |
| Plywood Exterior Pine Bb Industrial 6.0mm 2440×1220 | R608.97 |
| Plywood Exterior Pine BC 6.0mm 2440×1220 | R434.96 |
| Plywood Exterior Pine BB 6.0mm 2440×1220 | R538.97 |
| Plywood Exterior Commercial 9.0mm 2440 x 1220 | R629.00 |
| Plywood Exterior Pine BB Industrial 9.0mm 2440×1220 | R778.98 |
| Plywood Exterior Pine BC 9.0mm 2440×1220 | R558.99 |
| Plywood Exterior Pine BB 9.0mm 2440×1220 | R688.98 |
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